Ectopic Pregnancy Implanted on Uterine Myoma / 이화의대지

Ectopic pregnancy is an implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity. Most of ectopic pregnancies are located within the fallopian tube. We describe a rare case of 34-year-old woman complaining of lower abdominal pain and positive urinary pregnancy test. Pelvic ultrasound exam suggested tubal pregnancy with hemoperitoneum. However, pelviscopy revealed the bleeding point was subserosal myoma located just next to the right ovary. Uterus and both fallopian tubes were grossly free. Laparoscopic myomectomy with ectopic mass excision was performed and we observed the serial decrease of beta-hCG level. Patient was well recovered and postoperative finding was not remarkable. Hereby, we report a rare case of ectopic pregnancy on uterine myoma with subserosal type with a brief review of literatures.

Spirituality of Student Nurses* / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the level of spirituality in student nurses and to provide baseline data to develop a spirituality development education program. METHOD: The participants were 499 students in departments of nursing in 5 universities in Busan. The data were collected between June 7 and July 18, 2002. The instrument was used Howden's spirituality assessment scale. Collected data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, Means SD, t-test F-test, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The SPSS program was used. RESULTS: 1) The mean score for spirituality was 101.14+/-8.70 (range 26 ~ 130). 2) The mean score for perceived health state was 3.42+/-0.80. 3) Spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences for sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home. 4) Spirituality according to religious characteristics showed significant differences for influence of religion, necessity of religion, help from religion, subjectivity of God in life, reading religious books, participation in religion ceremonies. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between perceived health state and spirituality. CONCLUSION: The spirituality of the student nurses was high and differed according to sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home, religious characteristics, spirituality, and perceived health status.

The Relationship between Perceived Stress and the Ways of Coping in the Elderly / 재활간호학회지

The elderly can experience a lot of stressful events and the stress acts as a various fluent that affects a well-being level, the self-contentment of lives. and the achievements by themselves. Also. the elderly are different from the young in many unexpressed stress and have diverse copings for perceived stress. Moreover. they mainly seem to use a problem-focused coping and an emotion-focused coping. To use whatever copings is to improve the quality of life in the old period and very important fact to achieve their ends. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Perceived Stress and the Ways of Coping in the Elderly and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for improve to the quality of life in the elderly. The design of this study was a correlational study. The subjects of this study consisted of 230 of the elderly living in Pusan. The data was collected from 1st July, to 1st September. 2002. The instruments used for this study were 'Perceived Stress Scale(20items, 5point. scale)' developed by Kang In(990) and translated by Lee young-ja(1999). and its reliability is Cronbach's a= .89. Coping Scale(30items, 4point. scale. 14 items about a problem-focused coping, 16 items about an emotion-focused coping, 4 points scale) developed by Lazarus & Folkman (1984) and translated by Yang Young-hee(1998). The reliability of this study is Cronbach's a = .90. The data was analyzed by the SPSS WIN 10.0 program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of perceived stress was 31.75+/-0.23(Min 20, Max 100), which the item mean score was 1.59+/-.51(Min 1. Max 5). 2. The number of subjects in a problem-focused coping was 72(31.3%), the number of subjects in an emotion-focused coping was 158(68.7%) 3. There were statistically significant positive correlation between perceived stress and problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. (r = .180, r= .209, p< .05). It means the more stress, the more problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. 4. There was significant difference the score of perceived stress according to sex (F=-5.057, P=.000)marital status, (F=-2.909. P=.004) , economic level, (F=10.243, P=.000), paticipated meeting, (F=9.346, P=.000), perceived health status(F=5.1l7, P=.007). 5. There was significant difference the score of problem-focoused coping method according to age(F=14.200, P=.000), marital status (F=2.432, P=.0160), economic level (F=14.410, P=.000), monthly income, (F=8.300. P= .000), income resource (F=10.235, P=.000), educational level (F= 15.222, P= .000), occupation (F= 1.544, P=.04l), paticipated meeting (F=4.936, P= .008), perceived health status(F=5.655, P= .004). And there was significant difference the score of emotion-focoused coping method according to monthly income(F=4.781, P= .009), income resource (F=2.930, P= .035), educational level (F=6.101. P=.003), religion(F=2698, P= .032), paticipated meetings(F=7.285, P= .00l). As a result of the study, the elderly had a bit less stress and the two-thirds of the elderly used the emotion-focused coping. Thus, the more perceived stress, the more problem-focoused coping method and the more emotion-focoused coping method. Accordingly, to improve the quality of life of the elderly, there needs and applies a nursing intervention program that relieves the stress and use effective coping method.

The Effect of Cancer Pain Management Education on the Pain and the Concerns of Pain Management in Cancer Patients / 재활간호학회지

Pain management is a major issue in caring of cancer patients. Because pain management cancer patient of does not control effectively. it is important to educate reporting pain and using analgesics for having cancer patient's concerns and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of cancer pain management education on the pain and concerns of pain management in cancer patients. This study was a quasi-experimental as nonequivalent control pretest-post test design. The subjects of this study consisted of 50 (experimental group 25. control group 25) patients hospitalized in K university hospital in Busan. The data were collected from December 1. 2001 to April 12. 2002. The measurement tool for the concerns of pain management had used questionnaires interpretated by Kim(1999) developed by based Ward(1993) and pain nominal scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency. percentage. mean, SD. chi2test, t-test, ANCOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The 1st hypothesis: The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in the score of pain was not supported (p>0.05). 2. The 2nd hypothesis: The experimental group which had received the cancer pain management education were lower than the control group in concerns of pain management was supported (F=5.285, p 0.01). In conclusion. the cancer pain management education can know what was effective to decrease in the concerns of pain management in cancer patients. Therefore. Pain Management Education must be positively utilized in clinical situation.

Relationship between Body image and Depression of Diabetes Mellitus Patients / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of study was to identify relationship between body image and depression of diabetes mellitus patients. The subjects of study were 120 diabetes mellitus patients who were B hospital in Pusan. Data were collected from 15th April to 20th August, 1998. The instrument used for this study were Osgood's body image scale and Zung's depression scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of body image was 68.91+/-8.04, and the mean score of depression was 56, 18+/-1.58. 2. The score of body image according to marital status(t=-2.434, p = ,016). economic status (F=6.252, p=.001), reason of different regular hospital visiting(F=3.017, p=.014), treatment method of diabetes mellitus (F=3.048, p=.013) were significantly difference. ere significantly difference. The score of depression according to sex(t= 2.353, p= .020). occupational status (F=4.657, p=.002), marital status(t=-2.325, p=.022), economic status(F=5.536, p=.001), regular hospital visiting(t=2.081. p=.040), reason of different regular hospital visiting(F=3.352, p=.007), treatment method of diabetes mellitus(F=3.102. p=.012), paticipation of diabetes mellitus(t=3.726, p = .000), paticipation of diabetes mellitus visiting(F=4,819. p=.003) were significantly difference. 5. Body image and depression was a significant negative correlation(r=-.679. p=.000).

Relationship among Powerlessness. Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to the relationship between powerlessness, self-efficacy and quality of life in hemodialysis patients. The subjects were compromised of 198 hemodialysis patients from Pusan, Kyung-Sang Namdo and Kyung-Sang Bukdo 6 hemodialysis clinics. There were significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life(r= .512, p .00l). Data were collected by questionnaires from Sep. 19 to Oct. 27, 2001. The instrument used for study were the Powerlessness Behavioral Assessment Tool (Miller, 1983) and self-efficacy developed by Kim, Ju-Hyun(1995) and quality of life developed by Kim, Ok-Soo(1993). Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, pearson correlation The results were as follows. 1. The mean score of powerlessness was 52.41+/-.93, mean mark 3.28+/-.43, and the mea score of self-efficacy was 45.44+/-.75, mean mark 2.87+/-.49, and the mea score of quality of life was 121.27+/-3.81. mean mark 2.96+/-.58. 2. There were significant differences in the level of powerlessness according to sex (1,=2.148, p= .033), occupation(t=3.682, p=.000), economic status(F=3.094, p=.048), experience of hospitalization (1,=-2.002. p= .047). 3. There were significant differences in the level of self-efficacy according to age(F=3.271. p=.013), economic status (F=5.759, p=.004), religion(F=2.667, p= .048), hemodialysis period(F=2.991. p =.032), hemodialysis frequency(t = 9.045, p = .003), experience of hospitalization (1,=4.40, p=.037). 4. There were significant differences in the level of quality of life according to occupation(t=3.796, p=.053), economic status(F=11.478, p=.000), hemodialysis frequency(t=7.573, p=.006). 5 There were significant negative correlation between powerlessness and self-efficacy (r=- .401. p .001), powerlessness and quality of .life(r=- .562, p .001),

The Survey for The Standards of Care in Rehabilitation Nurse Specialist / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to develop the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist. This study was a descriptive survey. The data were collected 143 nurses who were worked in rehabilitation unit at 4 university hospital and 3 rehabilitation center in Korea from Aug. to Nov. 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 78 items developed by the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist in A.R.N. and the practice contents of care at rehabilitation unit in Korea. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. ANOVA The results are as follows 1. For the adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing, area of skin care is the highest score, and safety, elimination, emotion, respiration, was ordered. 2. The adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing according to age, educational level. position. clinical experience, clinical experience in rehabilitation unit were significant difference.

Development of Online Sex Education Programs Using Interactive Human-Computer Dialogue Technology / 대한의료정보학회지

Cyberspace be comes one of the most influential media for the formation of sexual identity, knowledge , and attitude of the adolesc ents. Online sex education program may help the adolescents the sexual development processes e fficiently and confidentially. Most of the online sex education programs are not truly interactive nor adaptive. Didactic education materials may not be sufficient to modify adolescents online sexual activities. Computer-patient dialogue programs can help to develop truly intera ctive online contents that adaptively a ccommoda te the persona lized needs of the adolescents. This paper describes the development and implementation technology of a Web-based dialogue system for the interactive online sex education. A threetiered database-backed Web system with browser-based dialogue editor, automatic script-code generator, automatic relationaldatabase schema genera tor, and integrated program development environment was produced and tested on the online sex education program. The Web dialogue system can also be used for online surveys, clinical trials, and electronic medical records. This approa ch can enhance collabor ation betwe en the consumer-or iented and the provider-oriented informa tion systems.

Relationship Between Body Image and Self-esteem in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of study was to identify the relationship between body image and self-esteem in patients with chronic renal failure. METHOD: The subjects of study were 97 patients with chronic renal failure who were outpatients at K medical center, B hospital, H hospital in Busan. Data were collected from Nov. 15th to Dec. 17th, 1999. The instruments used for study were the Body Cathexis Scale and Rogenberg's Self-esteem Scale. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. RESULT: 1. The mean score for body image was 137.46+/-22.21, the mean mark 2.92+/-0.47, and the mean score of self-esteem was 30.80+/-0.76, the mean mark 3.08+/-0.87. 2. There was a significant difference in the score for body image according to educational level (F=5.189, P=0.002) and type of residence (F=6.095, P=0.001). 3. There was a significant difference in the score for self-esteem according to age (F=3.615, P=0.009), educational level (F=4.772, P=0.004), marital status (F=3.498, P=0.019), and presence of children (F=2.511, P=0.014). 4. Body image in patients with chronic renal failure patients showed significant correlation with self-esteem (r=0.519, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: From this study, a relationship between body image and self-esteem in patients with chronic renal failure was identified. Therefore, nursing interventions are needed to promote body image and self esteem in patients with chronic renal patients.

Development of a Curriculum for Rehabilitation Nurse Specialist Program / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to develop a systematic and efficient curriculum for the rehabilitation nurse specialist program. This research was carried out as a group work of 15 experts in order to share vanous opinions about the curriculum. and also through literature review. Articles. curriculums of other Clinical Nurse Specialist Programs. medical laws guidelines. as well as Clinical Nurse Specialist Program from the Korean Nurses Association were reviewed, and the issue was discussed throughly via group meetings. The developed cunicul urn is as follows: 1. Educational philosophy lies in the fact that the rehabilitation nurses support the patients to maximize their potential and functional level. so that they could maintain healthy state and re-adapt to changed environment. Furthermore the rehabilitation nurses are disposed of arbitrary decision power under their own responsibility. thus they take charge of we]fare and healthy environment of the local society through the patients (subjects) and local resources. 2. Educational goals are to train rehabilitation nurse specialist. who correspond to the social needs. so to say. those who have the know]edge and skills for nursing practice, education and research. 3. The curriculum consists of 37 credits, of which 24 credits are based on lectures and 13 credits based on clinical practice. General courses are 3 subjects (5 credits): nursing theory, nursing research. and laws/ethics, Mandatory courses are 8 subjects with 19 credits: advanced physical assessment, pharmacology, pathophysiology, issues in rehabilitation nursing, advanced rehabilitation nursing intervention I. advanced rehabilitation nursing intervention II. sports physiology. special rehabilitation nursing intervention. As for the clinical practice courses, assesment and evaluation for rehabilitation (64 hours), community and home based rehabilitation nursing(128 hours), hospital based rehabilitation nursing(l28 hours), institution based rehabilitation nursing(96 hours) would be treated. 4. Contents of the courses were developed to correspond with the courses' objectives and specific items. 5. Evaluation would be carried out both in the lecure and in the clinical practice. The knowledge and skills of the students would be measured to ensure full validity and credibility. However this developed curriculum should be continuously modified and updated in more desirable direction.

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support. Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 20 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1. 2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et al.(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows: 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05+/-1.16 (range 0-10). The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09+/-1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53+/-1.65), The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65+/-10.32 (the lowest 1, the highest 80). The mean score of family support was32.71+/-6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93+/-5.95 (range 1- 40), The mean score of Hope was 37.02+/-5.64 (range 1- 48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion(F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p=0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

Comparision of Body Image between DM Patients who used Insulin Pump and didn't use Insulin Pump / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of study was to compare body image between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy. The study design was comparative survey study the subjects were 60 diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and 60 diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy at B hospital in Busan The data were collected from 15th April to 20th August, 1998. The instrument used for this study were Osgood's body image scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, chi-test, mean, standard deviation. t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. The results were as follows 1. Demographical characteristics between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy were no significant difference. 2. Characteristics related disease between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy were significant difference in paticipation of D.M. meeting, no of paticipation of D.M. meeting. 3. Body inmage score of diabetes mellitus patients was 69.08+/-18.13. In body image, diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were higher than that didn't use insulin pump therapy (t=1.964, p .05) 4. In body image's each item, common-strange item, noble-humble item. competent-incompetent item, light- heavy item, diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were higher than diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy(p .05) 5. In body image according to economic status, marital status, occupational status were significantly difference. 6. In body image according to causes of regular hospital visiting, paticipation of diabetes mellitus class were significantly difference. In conclusion, diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were more positive than diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy.

The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Self-Care Activities of the Cerebral Palsied Adolescents / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-concept and self-care activities of the cerebral palsied adolescents and to gain the baseline data for development of effective rehabilitation nursing intervention program of the cerebral palsied adolescents. The design of this study was a descriptive correlational study. The subjects of the study were 160 cerebral palsied adolescents attending at special schools located in Seoul and Kyonggi and rehabilitation centers located in Seoul. Kyonggi and Kyongnam province. The data was collected from May 20 to July 20, 2000, The instrument used for this study were the self-concept scale(50items 4point scale) and self-care activities scale(29items 4point scale). Self-Concept Scale had developed by Fitt(1965), which was standardized by Chung(1968) and modified by Kim(1984). Self-Care Activities Scale developed by the researcher throughout the consulting of expert and pilot study on the basis of ADL check list developed by Kang(1984) and LDSQ-3(Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnair-3) developed by Na et al. (1995). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC + program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of self-concept was 138.55+/-17,20(range: 50-100), which the item mean score was 2,77+/-0.34((range: 1-4). The score of subarea of the self-concept was the highest score in family self (3.01+/-0.54) and the lowest score in physical self (2.52+/-0.42). 2. The mean score of self-care activities was 95.25+/-21.69(range: 29-116), which the item mean score was 3.28+/-0.75(range:1-4). The score of subarea of the self-care activities was the highest score in feeding(3.75+/-0.59) and the lowest score in walking(2.64+/-1.21). 3, There were statistically significant difference in the score of self-concept according to the age (F=3.24, P= .04), the grads(F=4.36, p= ,01), and types of cerebral palsy (F=2.42, P=,03). 4. There were statistically significant difference in the score of self-care activities according to the age(F=8,29, P= .00), the grads (F=16.05, P= ,00), types of living place (F=6.46, P= .00), types of cerebral palsy(F=48.92, P= .00), whether or not receiving a rehabilitation therapy (t=-3.64, P= .00), whether or not receiving a vocational training (t=2.14. p= .03), and whether or not using a device (t=-7.42, P= .00). 5. There was not significant correlation between self-concept and self-care activities(r= .08 1. P= .311).

Comparision of Body Image between DM patients who used Insulin Pump and didn't use Insulin Pump / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of study was to compare body image between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy. The study design was comparative survey study the subjects were 60 diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and 60 diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy at B hospital in Busan. The data were collected from 15th April to 20th August, 1998. The instrument used for this study were Osgood's body image scale. The collected data were analyzed frequency, percentage, chi-test, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test. The results were as follows 1. Demographical characteristics between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy were no significant difference. 2. Characteristics related disease between diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy and didn't use insulin pump therapy were significant difference in paticipation of D.M. meeting. no of paticipation of D.M. meeting. 3. Body inmage score of diabetes mellitus patients was 69.08+/-18.13. In body image, diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were higher than that didn't use insulin pump therapy (t= 1.964. p .05) 4. In body image's each item, common-strange item. noble-humble item, competent-incompetent item, light-heavy item. diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were higher than diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy(p .05) 5. In body image according to economic status, marital status. occupational status were significantly difference. 6. In body image according to causes of regular hospital visiting. paticipation of diabetes mellitus class were significantly difference. In conclusion, diabetes mellitus patients who used insulin pump therapy were more positive than diabetes mellitus patients who didn't use insulin pump therapy.

The Educational contents of Rehabilitation Nursing / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental data to propose further directions of education on rehabilitation nursing by investigating the adequacy of the educational contents of rehabilitation nursing. This study was a descriptive survey study. The data collected at 25 universities and 24 junior colleges through questionnaires to answer the research questions from August 10 to September 30, 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 24 items. The contents of rehabilitation nursing education were developed by consulting with the rehabilitation nursing professionals. The results are as follows Rehabilitation nursing was taught as an independent class in 15 universities and 9 junior colleges. Most professors majoring in adult nursing(66.8%) were in charge of teaching the courses. For the adequacy of the teaching contents of rehabilitation nursing, conceptual bases for rehabilitation was the highest score(4.0), and interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, activities of daily living, clients of rehabilitation, nursing process in rehabilitation nursing, functional evaluation, movement and mobility, physical therapy, occupational therapy, sensation and perception, communication/language, eating and swallowing, bladder elimination, community based rehabilitation nursing, sleep, rest &, fatigue, bowel elimination., historical perspectives of rehabilitation nursing, sexuality, pulmonary rehabilitation, pain, cardiac rehabilitation, skin integrity, family care was ordered.

Investigation of Espoused Theories in Nursing Practice / 성인간호학회지

As a nursing practice involves nurses'actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives. Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal); excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, accountability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics); human respect, partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences, positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention, rewarding, peer relationship(3 theories of situations). The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore, it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to find any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions.

The Preliminary Study for the evaluation of the Rehabilitation Nursing Program integrated with Day Care Program of Stroke Survivors / 재활간호학회지

A Preliminary study for the evaluation of the Rehabilitation Nursing Program(RNP) implemented to the 25 stroke survivors at the Day Care Program Center of National Rehabilitation Hospital in Seoul was done at 1999. The purposes of this study was to assess the psychological effects as outcome-variables such as depression. powerlessness and self efficacy of the stroke survivors who were discharged from acute care hospitals. The Rehabilitation Nursing Program (RNP) integrated with the Day Care Program for rehabilitation was implemented and the psychological outcome variables were measured by 3 psychologic instruments of Zung Depression Scale. Millers's powerlessness and the Bandura's self efficacy scale. These instruments were translated into Korean and the contents validity and the reliability were tested. The subjects were 17 males and 8 females and 52% were aged over 51 years old and 24 % were from 31 to 50 years old. Most of them(72 %) had been educated more than high school level. The contents of RNP were 8 sessions composing of self-introduction. individualized assessment, health contract and feedback, management of depression, shaving experiences, effective communication, self efficacy teaching, health information. and daily care activities. This study found that the level of depression and the powerlessness were within average level and had not been changed the level of self efficacy after RNP were somewhat higher than before, but it was not changed significantly. According to the results. the psychological state of the subjects were not changed significantly. Only the level of self efficacy was a little improved after having the RNP. Based on theses results, the RNP should be focussed on the psychological nursing care and the psychological outcome variables were retested strictly with the enough sample size.

Development of Quality of Life Measurement for Cancer Patients / 성인간호학회지

This study was undertaken to develop an instrument to be used for measuring the concept of quality of life of Korean patients with cancer multidimensionary and correctly. It can contribute in holistic nursing care for Korean cancer patients and also provide and validate basic data to help oncology nurses measure the outcome of nursing intervention correctly. To develop this instrument, the researchers first estabilished a conceptual framework based on the results of qualitative data analysis and indepth interview method Development of the scale was conducted using a method in which 31 items were assessed by subjects' self report using linear analogue scales. The subjects were 79 D.M. patients, 103 patients with acute illness, and 91 cancer patients residing in Busan, Korea. Data were collected during the period from July, 24 to August 14, 2000. This instrument consisted of 31 items with a self report scale. This instrument covered 4 dimensions of cancer patients : 1) physical wellbeing 2) psychological wellbeing 3) social wellbeing and 4)spiritual wellbeing. Each item had a possible score of 10. The reliability of the scale was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Validity was evaluated by examining the relationships of this scale, Youn's Quality of Life Questionnare scores and the Simple Quality of Life scale. Two separate runs of multiple regression were used to predict scores on the Simple Quality of Life measurement. Further validation was obtained by examining the correlation between the instrument subscores and Youn's Quality of Life measurement subscore for convergence of this scale. Examination of the discriminant. power of the instrument was done using ANOVA test. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The reliability of the instrument for the quality of life was 0.8321(Cronbach's alpha.), physical wellbeing dimension 0.6343, psychological wellbeing dimension 0.6501, spiritual wellbeing dimension 0.5883. 2. This instrument had a high correlation with Youn's Quality of Life measurement(r= 0.636) in cancer patients, whereas it had a low correlation with Simple Quality of Life measurement(r=0.455) in cancer patients. In the D.M. patients, the instrument correlated with both the Youn's Quality of Life measurement and Simple Quality of life measurement(r=0.313, r= 0.407) and in the acute stage patients, the instrument had no correlation. 3.Multiple regression of individual items on the Simple Quality of Life scores accounted for 56.8% of the variance in the Simple Quality of Life measurement, whereas, Youn's Quality of Life measurement scores accounts for 31.7%. 4. The correlations collected from the three group had the same patterns of variations but especially the instrument developed in this study had higher disciminant power than that of Youn's Quality of Life Measurement.

A Study on the Expressed Desire at Discharge of Patients to Use Home Nursing and Affecting Factors of the Desire / 재활간호학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to the intent of using home nursing of chronic disease patients who got out of a university hospital. For the purpose. the study selected 153 patients who were hospitalized and left K university hospital with diagnoses of cancer. hypertension. diabetes and cerebral vascular accident and ordered to be discharged and performed interviews with them and surveys on their medical records to obtain the following results. For this study a direct-interview survey and medical record review was conducted from June 28 to Aug. 30. 1998. The frequency and mean values were computed to find the characteristics of the study subjects. and chi-test. t-test. factor analysis and multiple logistic regession analysis were applied for the analysis of the data. The following results were obtained. 1) When characteristics of the subjects were examined. men and women occupied for 58.8 % and 41.2 %. respectively. The subjects were 41.3 years old in average and had the monthly average earning of 0.99 million won or below. which was the most out of the total subjects at 34.6 %. Among the total. 87.6% resided in cities and 12.4 in counties. The most left the hospital with diagnosis of cancer at 51.6 %. followed by hypertension at 24.2%. diabetes at 13.7% and cerebral vascular accident at 7.2%. 2) 93.5% of the selected patients had the intent of using home nursing and 6.5%. didn't. Among those patients having the intent. 85.6% had the intent of paying for home nursing and 14.4%. didn't. The subjects expected that the nursing would be paid 9.143 won in average and 47.7 % of them preferred national authorities as the mam servers. 86.3% of the subjects thought that home nursing business had the main advantage of making it possible to learn nursing methods at home and thereby contributing to improving the ability of patients and their facilities to solve health problems. 3) Relations between the intent of use and characteristics of the subjects such as demography-related social. home environment. disease and physical function characteristics did not show statistically significant differences among one another. Compared to those who had no intent of using home nursing. the group having the intent had more cases of male patients. the age of 39 or below. residence in cities. 5 family members or more, no existence of home nursing servers, leaving the hospital from a non-hospitalized building, disease development for five months or below, hospitalization for ten days or more, non-hospitalization within the recent one month, two times or over of hospitalization, leaving the hospital with no demand of special treatment, operation underwent, poor results of treatment, leaving the hospital with demand of rehabilitation services, physical disablement and high evaluation point of daily life. 4) Among those patients having the intent of using home nursing, 47.6% demanded technical nursing and 55.9%, supportive nursing. As technical nursing, 'inject into a blood vessel' and 'treat pustule and teach basic prevention methods occupied for 57.4%, respectively, topping the list. Among demands of supportive nursing, 'observe patients' status and refer them to hospitals or community resources as available, if necessary' was the most with percentage point of 59.5. Regarding the intent of paying for home nursing, 39.2% of those patients wishing to use the nursing responded paying for technical services and 20.2, supportive services. In detail. 70.0% wanted to pay for a service stated as 'inject into a blood vessel' , highest among the former services and 30.7%, a service referred to as 'teaching exercises needed to make the body of patients move', highest among the latter. When this was analyzed in terms of a relation between the need(the need for home nursing) and the demand(the intent of paying for home nursing), The rate of the need to the demand was found two or three times higher in technical nursing(0.82) than in supportive nursing(0.35). In aspects of technical nursing, muscle injection(0.26, the 1st rank) was highest in the rate while among aspects of supportive nursing. a service referred to as 'teach exercises needed for making patients move their bodies normally' (0.58, the 1st rank). 5) factors I(satisfaction with hospital services), II(recognition of disease state), III(economy) and IV(period of disease) occupied for 34.4, 13.8, 11.9 and 9.2 percents, respectively among factors related to the intent by the subjects of using home nursing, totaled 59.3%. In conclusion, most of chronic disease patients have the intent of using hospital-based home nursing and satisfaction with hospital services is a factor affecting the intent most. Thus a post-management system is needed to continue providing health management to those patients after they leave the hospital. Further, supportive services should be provided in order that those who are satisfied with hospital services return to their community and live their independent lives. Based on these results, the researcher would make the following recommendation. 1) Because home nursing becomes more and more needed due to a sharp increase in chronic disease patients and elderly people, related rules and regulations should be made and implemented. 2) Hospital nurses specializing in home nursing should be cultivated.

A Study on Rehabilitation Nursing Diagnoses used for the Clients with Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury in Korea / 재활간호학회지

The development of standards and guidelines of rehabilitation nursing has been the major concerns for providing better nursing to the rehabilitation clients. As the patients with stroke and spinal cord injuries are the most prevalent physical disabilities in Korea, this study focussed on the nursing diagnoses of these two groups of patients. In order to identify the nursing diagnoses frequently used in their practice for the patients with stroke and spinal cord injuries, a survey was done with the questionnaire form developed by the research team. The surveyee were the staff nurses working at rehabilitation wards more than 2 years from 8 general hospitals in Korea. They identified and set the priorities of 13 nursing diagnoses from 79 stroke patients and 10 nursing diagnoses from 35 patients with spinal cord injuries during the periods from March 1 to June 2, 1999. The identified nursing diagnoses for the stroke patients are impaired physical immobility, sensory-perceptual alterations, activity intolerance, self -care deficit, altered defecation, altered urination, risk for injury, unilateral neglect, impaired skin integrity, altered thought processes, pain, altered health maintenance, dysreflexia. The identified nursing diagnoses for spinal cord injuries are altered urination, altered defecation, impaired skin integrity, pain, risk for injury, reflex incontinence, impaired physical immobility, self-care deficit, activity intolerance, knowledge deficit.